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Orthodontics is the first recognized specialty in dentistry that deals with the study and cure of improper bites or malocclusion, misalignment of teeth and/or wrong alignment or connection between the lower arch (mandible) and upper arch (maxilla). Malocclusion may be caused by tooth irregularity or disproportionate jaw. Many countries have different systems for training and licensing orthodontic specialists. A dentist spends two to three years studying for full-time post-graduate study to become a registered orthodontist. In an orthodontic treatment, removable dental appliances or expansion appliances, headgear, plates, and other devices are used in moving the teeth. Meanwhile, functional and orthopedic appliances are used in growing kids with age 5 to 14. Such appliances are used to modify the jaw dimension and connections if they are moved. Orthodontic treatment is usually followed by a fixed multi-bracket therapy to line up the teeth and improve the conclusion. During orthodontics, the orthodontic specialist performs the following:*Recognize the different characteristics of dentofacial and malocclusion deformity. *Define the nature of the problem. *Decide the treatment strategy based on the desires and needs of the patient. *Perform the treatment strategy to his/her patient. After undergoing orthodontics treatment, patients usually wear retainers, which maintain the teeth and improve their alignment while the bordering bone reforms around them. Generally, retainers are worn for a short period only, for about 6 to 12 months, depending on the recommendation of the orthodontist. In essence, the teeth can stay properly aligned without wearing retainers. However, there are many factors that can cause the teeth to crowd. One factor is age. As a person gets older, the possibility of his/her teeth to crowd increases. So, there is no guarantee that the teeth will stay properly aligned without wearing retainers. It is the reason why many orthodontists advice their patients to wear retainer for several years after undergoing an orthodontic treatment.