Current trends in the treatment of diabetes

Current trends in the treatment of diabetes

Diabetes is a disease born, he was long the human race from behind, but we came about in 1552 BC First known record of diabetes mentioned on Know 3 Dynasty Egyptian papyrus by physician HESY Ra mentions polyuria (frequent urination) as a symptom. Today it is a chronic illness when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body can not effectively use the insulin it does define. This leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycaemia).

diabetes burden in India

India is the home of thirty-five million people with diabetes, nearly 15 percent of the economy World Diabetes costs and predicts that number to rise to seventy million to 2025th Diabetes disproportionately affects people of working age and provides US.2 billion in annual cost of health care in India. Because India has a population of 1.1 billion, of which 40 percent are under 18 years of investment in the health of the future workforce in India significantly.

Diabetes is part of a larger global epidemic of noncommunicable diseases. These diseases have many risk factors, measures to encourage healthy eating and active lifestyles to prevent not only diabetes but also obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic respiratory disease and cancers related to diet. An integrated system to maximize prevention, avoiding the need to develop separate action. The strategies are here primarily for their ability to focus and integrated into a global movement that suggested all non-communicable diseases are treated.

Diabetes is a widespread disease, a metabolic disease, with a growing number of patients. This increasing number of patients with diabetes is usually prove a boon to the diabetes drug market. The number of diabetics worldwide (type 1 and type 2) is estimated at more than 250 million euros in 2009. should be more than 200 million people likely to increase glucose intolerance, a precursor of type 2 diabetes and this number to 420 million by 2025. An estimated 12-14 years of life lost to premature death. Type 2 diabetes should have a serious impact on developing countries and the epidemic is not only to wealthy urban residents. In developing countries, the disease affects disproportionately on the economically active people aged lead to the loss of human capital and productivity, and thus perpetuating the poverty of many faces and could hamper progress. India has 85% of the adult population of the sea and thus the most important contribution to the diabetic population in the Sea of India. World Diabetes Market Analysis, 2009-2023 – - The World Health Organization estimates the number of diabetics over 350 million in 2030 indicated

As the report from Visiongain News. Governments and other healthcare providers worldwide in health education, diagnosis and treatment of this chronic invest, debilitating – but manageable – a problem. In 2007, the market for the treatment of diabetes worldwide reported more dollars and has experienced double-digit growth the year before. Therefore, it is one of the most important sectors in the field of global health in terms of market value.

Brief introduction

diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a known group of common metabolic disorder that shares the phenotype of hyperglycemia. There are several types of diabetes and it caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Metabolic dysregulation with DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple organ systems, the associated imposed an enormous burden on people with diabetes and the healthcare system. High blood sugar in diabetes mellitus from insulin secretion by pancreatic insufficiency or absent, with or without concomitant insulin.

The underlying disease diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are now divided into four categories: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes non-insulin dependent, Type 3, “other” and type 4, “gestational diabetes (Expert Committee 2002, Mayfield , 1998). This group of insulin dependent (type 1) 5-10% of the diabetic population is in the United States. Most type 2 diabetics need to survive no exogenous insulin, but many additional exogenous their endogenous secretion to achieve optimal health achieved. It is estimated that up to 20% of type 2 diabetes in the United States (2-2.5 million people) currently on insulin. gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as an anomaly detected in blood sugar for the first time during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed in about 4% of all pregnancies in the United States

Common symptoms of type 1 diabetes.. excessive thirst, hunger, excessive urination, weight loss for no reason, rapid and difficult breathing, blurred vision, drowsiness or fatigue, these symptoms can suddenly. people with type 2 diabetes can occur similar but less obvious symptoms. Many have no symptoms and are diagnosed after many years of the beginning. Therefore, almost half of people with type 2 diabetes do not realize that this potentially fatal disease . lifestyle measures alone, but oral medications are often necessary, less insulin is a good metabolic control is achieved.

OBJECTIVES FOR THE PEOPLE OF DIABETES

steps

Target Recommendation

fasting glucose – 110mg/dl down (below 100 is better)

after eating (2 hours) blood sugar – below – below 180mg/dl (below 140 or higher recommended)

Cholesterol

Total cholesterol – 200 mg / dl below

LDL (“bad”) cholesterol – below 100 mg / dl (less than 75 is better)

HDL (“good” cholesterol) – 40mg/dl-dessus for men and 50 mg / dl in women

Triglycerides – Less than 150 mg / dl

blood pressure

130/80 mmHg in

Management and treatment of diabetes

blood glucose monitoring Levels

Tracking

Blood sugar levels can be either by blood or urine are carried out. blood test is optimal, but if not available, then examination of the urine is an acceptable compromise. The frequency of monitoring will depend on the resources available, either in person or country.

Self- control blood sugar levels

Self-monitoring of blood sugar are considered essential to ensure safety and quality should improve the treatment. methods and frequency of self-monitoring depends on the objectives and type of treatment. The measurements should be recorded be.

Two

reproduce fasting greater than 126 mg / dl (> 7 mmol / L) in the diagnosis of any symptoms. The definition of the ADA cut point for normal fasting blood sugar was out of 110 declined mg / dl to 100 mg / dl, so that the value of 100 mg / dl or above would be a leading agent Diagnostic fasting glucose (IFG), part of the term pre-diabetes. Impaired fasting glucose (FPG) levels (FPG = 100-125 mg / dl (5.66 .9 mmol / l) and / or the glucose tolerance test (IGT) (2 hours after glucose load-140 -199 mg / dl (78.8 mmol/L-11.1 mmol / L) are at risk for diabetes and should be monitored regularly to detect the progression to diabetes obvious. replicate two hours glycemic responses> 200 mg / dl (> 11.1 mmol / L) after an oral glucose tolerance test standard also indicates diabetes.

blood sugar levels

ADA Review

Normal

Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)

Diabetes mellitus <

fasting glucose (FPG) <100 mg / dL (5.6 mmol / l), HbA1c <6

/ p>

fasting glucose (GJ) 100 (5.6 mmol / L) but <126 mg /

plasma glucose 140 mg / dL (7.8 mmol / L) but <200 mg / dl ( 11.1 mmol / L), HbA1c <7

FPG = fasting 126 mg / dL (7.0 mmol / L) or accidentally (or 2 h OGTT) value =

200 mg / dl (11.1 mmol,

HbA1c> 8

American Diabetes Association (ADA) to diagnose guidelines for assessing the level of glucose or predict diabetes

ADVANCE in diabetes monitering

Pain Free Glucose Testing

approved The Food and Drug Administration new medical Amira At Last blood glucose system and is now available to consumers. is The system allows patients to monitor their blood sugar levels without the pain of their fingers to obtain blood samples.

The system is the first to both a lancet and a-meters in one. It uses a single test strip once obtained blood samples from the forearm, thigh or arm, do regions that have fewer nerve endings, so it is not so much as the finger tip pain.

device

continuous monitoring

The Food and Drug Administration approved a bracelet-like device that more information for the management of diabetes. It is intended to be used as a substitute for the finger-stick blood glucose tests, monitor to ensure accurate results.

GlucoWatch Biographer extracts are carried through the skin liquid by small electric currents. The Clock is for 12 consecutive hours, the preparation of 3 measurements per hour, even during sleep. An alarm sounds when the level of glucose in the blood at a dangerously low levels are detected, or whether an action has been ignored that can come with excessive sweating. The device is only available on prescription to trends and track blood sugar levels in adults aged 18 and recognize older. It is of Cygnus, Inc.

New treatment

islet cell transplant

A technique for transplanting new islet cells has shown promising results in patients with Type 1 diabetes, called the technology “Edmonton.” transplants were released in seven other patients of insulin for up to 14 months after treatment led. Clinical trials are ongoing in 10 centers against the national diabetes to see if the recovery of insulin can be a success with more patients. used the technique Edmonton islet cells (cells of the pancreas) from two or more donor pancreas. The cells in a person with diabetes and certain medications can be transplanted given to prevent rejection of new cells. One problem with transplants is that even if a person is free itself from the need to take insulin, medications to prevent rejection of new tissue must be life be taken long, and these drugs have some side effects.

Gene therapy
Two new reports describe research in gene therapy for various aspects of diabetes. These reports are important, which is undoubtedly the current research and exciting result of decoding the human genome.

scientists identified a gene, SHIP2 called appears regulate insulin. SHIP2 These results are a potential target for gene therapy to treat type 2 diabetes on insulin regulation of the individual to improve. A protein blocked proliferation of blood vessels in the eye is examined as a potential gene therapy for diabetic retinopathy . A recent study showed that treatment derived with the protein known as factor pigment epithelium or PEDF prevents excessive retraining blood vessels in an animal model of retinopathy. It can also treat for macular degeneration.

scientists to specific genes whose absence or failure to specific conditions are connected to identify more opportunities for gene therapy are provided -. for all diseases and diabetes

Vaccine

“vaccine” against diabetes by the year

Scientists have

first drug in the world, the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in humans no longer developed. It offers the possibility of a type 1 diabetes in people at high risk and stop its progression in people newly being diagnosed.

Results

published in a recent issue of The Lancet, were showed that three injections of the substance within six months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes successful progression of the disease arrested newly diagnosed patients. produced by the treatment of this patient’s insulin needs less insulin injections. They have no harmful side effects or major. Although these data seem promising, further studies must be confirmed in progress for efficacy and safety.

The drug is a peptide, a type of protein. By changing a protein fragment developers a drug that can selectively block have created the activity of immune cells that attack the pancreas. The cells that attack the pancreas, without disabled with the rest of the body’s immune system.

Insulin

insulin in the treatment of patients with diabetes of all types. The need for insulin depends on the balance between insulin secretion and insulin resistance. All patients with type 1 insulin to treat diabetes must constantly when an islet or whole pancreas Transplantation of organs, many patients with type 2 are diabetes require insulin to be impaired beta cell function over time

.

Insulin should apply to all patients with type 1 diabetes, due to a lesion of the islet cell autoimmune disease will eventually be passed on to insulin. Clinical signs of near-total lack of which, if in a patient with diabetes at any age, suggest the need highlighted include insulin therapy and otherwise unexplained weight loss recently (regardless of the original weight), a brief history severe symptoms, and the presence of moderate to heavy ketonuria. DKA point to the first presentation is usually that the patient has type 1 diabetes and require insulin treatment for life. However, some patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly African- -Caribbean (so-called “Flatbush diabetes”), you can ketoacidosis

Advance

insulin present

1, the implantable insulin pump -.

Scientists progress

do with implantable capsule continuously produced and released insulin in the bloodstream. It contains cells that secrete insulin, the nutrients to borrow from the body, thus producing insulin indefinitely. The University of Illinois biomedical engineer, the capsule developed with funds from the National Science Foundation. He presented his findings at a recent meeting of the American Vacuum Society, they were also 2 -. insulin inhalers

Although

daily injections of insulin would be needed is an inhaled insulin are currently in clinical trials and can be used for the early approval of the line Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These inhalers are the size of a flashlight and uses rapid-acting insulin. inhaled insulin in the mouth and coats the mouth, throat and sprayed. The language of insulin passes quickly into the bloodstream

3 -. insulin pill
The discovery of a new polymer that the development of an effective insulin pill may permit was recently reported at a meeting of the American Chemical Society . When the polymer is used as a coating pill that allows insulin into the bloodstream without being destroyed by the digestive system power. So far is only tested on animals, some experts question whether insulin in tablet form may be useful because the dosage is critical and often variable

4 -.. New Insulin

Last year, three new formulations of insulin are available, which are designed to be provide the benefits of easier and better therapies, blood sugar control for people with diabetes are treated with care . Insulin analogues all human insulin by recombinant DNA technology, they are derived.

glargine (Aventis Co.) is a basal insulin, has a much less sustainable than with a peak of NPH. It can be very fast-acting insulin such as insulin lispro or aspart are used, and should provide a much flatter basal. So far, this daily with two injections of the basal rate of insulin pumps or Ultralente possible. This approach attempts to more normal eating habits of its individual to allow a person. aspart (Novo Nordisk) is very fast-acting injected insulin that 15 minutes can be before eating. His quick action taken allows greater freedom in terms of timing and amount of food. A mixture lispro 75/25 was the first available analog mixtures (Eli Lilly), it looks very fast-acting lispro, Lilly, and an analogue of human insulin novel called NPL. It is designed for those who need to better control the meals and a pen insuline.Discussion

Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions has, and probably in the coming years with rising want to use Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis -. – but the market is the increasing age demographic and escalating rates of obesity

The insulin is of three companies controlled ADO is more diverse and valuable, which is more opportunities for entry. The non-invasive insulin in developing the potential of insulin have revolutionized the market. Currently, many type 2 patients because of its injection of insulin delivery and patient compliance a. As insulin in type 2 lucrative market would be taken and the increased use of insulin. Non-invasive insulin to meet the critical need unmet orally or by inhalation in the have market for diabetes. more pills, inhalers, mouth sprays and patches are in development, and this can cause an increase in the number of users in the treatment of patients with type 2 population.

dual PPAR-agonists Blockbuster potential, there to treat them both diabetes and heart disease. These drugs have is huge potential for a halt the progression of diabetes and heart disease, diabetes and distribution of products not only, but also cardiovascular products. However, concerns about the safety of these drugs can delay the entry into the market.

DT

products are mostly sold in the U.S. market for diabetes, but had little market penetration in Europe, due to continued concerns about the safety of the class after the withdrawal the

Rezulin.La

drug combination in a single tablet formulations has proved an invaluable tool for managing the life cycle for many companies, combined, for example, GSK’s Avandamet Avandia with metformin it.

The companies can market share be increased by identifying opportunities for significant growth lies and the exploitation of unmet needs in each market. You can maximize their successful products by understanding the market and adjust their strategy accordingly. please their business prospects for future growth by the study important trends affecting the diabetes market behavior and see how they shape the future of this market.

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