This article (which will also continue to grow with information) for information about different aquarium (and pond) treatments. I give the Gram negative or Gram-positive applications in which they apply.

If you are sick, that fish (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasites or other) you want to try and isolate it in a hospital aquarium whenever possible. to allow regular water changes before each treatment, more effective treatment, especially if treated in the aquarium display.

Sponge filters work well in hospital aquariums. Remember to remove carbon is to remove the carbon number of drugs. Also note that silicone in the aquarium will absorb malachite green, methylene blue, and copper sulfate. Most corals (crushed and others), and ceramic decorations will also absorb medications such as malachite green, methylene blue, and copper sulfate.

Calcium levels are important, such as calcium helps in the healing and stress, and without proper calcium levels healing may be diffficult, if not impossible. Antibiotics (like tetracycline) is low calcium absorption.

For more information about calcium, please see this article: Calcium, Magnesium and KH in Aquariums />
"Medicated Wonder Shells" Administering a drug for the PCI and the treatment of head and KH control (calcium) levels.

TRIPLE sulfonamides (sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole):

Sulfas are antibacterial. These drugs are producing bacteriostatic, ie they inhibit the growth of bacteria, but not kill.

Sulfonamides arrest cell growth by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid, a component for the growth necessary, by using bacteria. Folic acid is a large molecule and is unable to penetrate the bacterial cells so that the bacteria synthesize intracellular, the connection. Animal cells are unable to synthesize folate and must comply with the food provided. For this reason, the sulfonamides are not toxic to animal cells.

Jobs: red A broad spectrum of antibacterial drugs, fin and tail, mouth fungus and collapsed fins, columnaris and hemorrhagic septicemia. Also useful for damage caused by pinching the end of fin. An old standby is still useful and can be used in combination with malachite green and acriflavine are used (do not combine with copper sulfate). Sulfas are more effective at high pH values.

DOSAGE: 250 mg per 10 gallons every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. Allow for a minimum of 10 days.

Tetracycline hydrochloride:

Employment: The treatment of bacterial infections Gram-positive and mostly some Gram-negative infections such as fin and tail (split, ragged and late deterioration and / or tail), Popeye (protruding eyes can, cloudy or hazy), Gill disease swollen (, are discolored gills, gasping for breath and a decrease of the activity) and secondary infections. It disrupts the production of proteins, the bacteria multiply and divide (bacteriostatic) need. Tetracycline hydrochloride mechanism of action is also an inhibitor of protein synthesis by a mechanism of aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the 30S subunit. Mode of resistance is the loss of the permeability of the cell wall. Note Teracycline can reduce the number of red blood cells, so I would not be used with an injured fish.

DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 liters of water. Every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. This product is not in water with a pH above 7.5-NOT for maritime use!

Quinine SUFATE:

USE: resistant strains of I (especially on the scale less fish). Protozoa sliminess of skin diseases and Rams (Whirling Disease). For both resistant strains of Hexamita, when combined with metronidazole.

DOSAGE: 250 mg per 10 liters of water. Once a day for 4-5 days. Take a change of 25% water before each treatment.

Oxytetracycline hydrochloride:

USE: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Navy ulcer disease of cold water, bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia (symptoms: red stripes in the body and fins, or redness in the body. Open wounds or loss of scales) and mushrooms mouth.

DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per teaspoon to 20 gallons every 24 hours with a change of 50% water before each treatment. This antibiotic is best mixed with food, especially if your pH above 8.0 ..

Nitrofurazone:

USE: Bactericidal for some gram-positive and many gram-negative bacteria causes disease in freshwater and marine fish. This antibacterial is effective for controlling flexibacter/columnaris- (Symptoms: Fuzzy, thin, white coating on the body and fins Looks. Like a mushroom), works well with kanamycin for Aeromonas (symptoms: Fish have blisters on the skin, which are filled with a colorless to yellowish. The lamps can be provided in large wounds.), Vibrio and related species. Nitrofurazone is particularly useful for the control of minor infections of the skin of marine fish, the messages are not systemic. Effective against marine ulcer and protozoa. Also useful in the treatment of furunculosis in Koi.

Serious adverse events related to nitrofurans are very rare. Acquired resistance of bacteria to nitrofurans during therapy has been presented infrequently and not to any significant extent in over 50 years experience. Not with invertebrates.

Nitrofurazone is more effective at lower pH values.

DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 liters. Treat every 24 hours with a change of 50% water before each treatment. Treat for 10 days.

Neomycin:

USE: Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas red open wounds or sores, fin and tail damage, fins and tail are gone, eaten in serious cases, until the body with kanamycin in the business effect) and tuberculosis, Gram-positive and possibly mycobacteria. Works well in freshwater and saltwater aquariums.

DOSAGE: 250 mg per 10 liters of water. Treat every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. Treat for 10 days. For tuberculosis, the use for a maximum of 30 days.

Metronidazole:

Employment: Hole in the Head Disease (Hexamita) Chilodonella, plistophora (usually parasites neons and cardinals that caused the loss of color, stinging, and possibly death), I speak of salt water, wind.

DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 liters. Treat every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. Treat for 10 days.

Kanamycin sulfate;

ADMINISTRATION: It is used to treat many gram-negative bacteria and susceptible Gram-positive. It works particularly well in saltwater aquariums. Works well with nitrofurazone for Flexibacter (combined columnaris) (Symptoms: Fuzzy, thin, white coating on the body and fins Looks. Like a mushroom). Also useful for buttons or Pseudomonas open red sores, fin and tail damage, fins and tail are gone, eaten in severe cases, up to the body. Kanamycin is very effective in high pH applications, in particular Vibrio, making it useful in the treatment of brackish water and marine research.

Kanamycin can be effective, dropsey for the whirling disease, kidney disease and suspicion.

Kanamycin sulfate bacteria it seems, to prevent their cell wall, then the cells die.

DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 liters. Treat every 48 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment.
Treat for 10 days.
For more information on the detection and treatment of Aeromonas, Vibrio and septicemia

Erythromycin:

USE: Fin and tail rot, caused infections caused by kidney disease (kidney infection is often not true) eyes pop. Most Gram-positive and Gram-negative and fungi. Neon Tetra Disease (faded). Black Molly disease.

DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 gallons every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. Treat for 10 days.

Trichlorfon (Dylox)

Dimethyl (2,2,2, trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate:

Trichlorfon is an organophosphate and rapidly degraded (about 99% of applied degraded in 2 hours) in alkaline pond water (pH 8.5) at room temperature. remains in the same pond water under acidic (pH 5.0) conditions for two hours held steady.

Trichlorfon is highly toxic to invertebrates.

In fish are sensitive to chemicals such as: Silver Dollars, rays, sharks Bala, Arowanas, Tinfoil Barbs, Hemiodus, Piranha, more money Scaled fish, sharks, marine fishes Lion.

View methylene blue, when treatment is not available or viable Dylox

USE: Trichlorfon is useful for the treatment of: Hydra, Lernia (Anchor Worms), parasitic copepods and digenetic Monodigenetic fins, fish lice (Argulus), leeches

Casebook contains trichlorfon (dimethyl (2,2,2, trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate), as well as 4 – [p-(dimethylamino)-O-phenylbenzylidene] -2, 5-dimethyl-cyclohexadiene-1-chloride xylidene 1, 2

Dimethyl-5-nitro-imidazol
DOSAGE: There is no recommended dose (other than freshwater fish acute toxicity = 1.6 up to 180 ppm), concern included on the manufacturer’s instructions for all products trichlorfon.

PENICLLIN, AMPICILLAN;

Employment: The group membership of the beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to penetrate.

Even if this family is an antibiotic commonly used in humans and other warm-blooded animals, it is a family of antibiotics, which are shown to generally useless in fish. About the efficiency comes in the treatment of certain fungal eye infections. All medicines, antibiotics, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs work in different in different organisms, although the processes are similar. An example I often use quinine, which is usually a safe and effective treatment for fish, but not for invertebrates.

Isoniazid 300 mg

USE: The treatment of tuberculosis (symptoms: the fish have been sick for several months. The fish are lethargic, anorexic, has terminated or the loss of scales and with an empty stomach) in sensitive fish like discus. Can be combined with kanamycin.

It is a difficult disease to treat, can the treatment in the last more than thirty per month.

Also note that this by a bacterium very similar to human tuberculosis is caused, but is not the same, and the only danger to humans is an open wound exposed to localize the bacteria, which then causes a rash only.

Dosage: one tablet per 20 gallons every other day for 14 – 30 days

Methylene Blue (Zinc Free) 2.303%:

Employment: fungus on eggs, I, fungi and some bacteria. Effective in Gill disease. Oxygen transport. Some protozoa, sliminess skin and Oodinium. Ideal for use as a dip for 30 minutes in a double dose.

Nice if it used as a dip for the topical treatment of parasitic, bacterial and fungal infections. Dylox If not available, can be a useful treatment for anchor worm (especially in goldfish), you should first carefully remove the anchor worm with tweezers, then dip fish affected by methylene blue blue. If there is a UV sterilizer to kill the swim Stadium female anchor worm (the female of the parasite), this effective treatment. (Tank is also with the combination of malachite green or malachite green at this time for better efficiency) treated.

Also useful as a dip for ammonia and nitrite poisoning.

DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a solution of 2.303% per 10 gallons every other day for 10 days with water changes before each treatment. The operation in a hospital tank. Methylene blue can destroy nitrifying bacteria and plants in the aquarium display.

Acriflavine HCL solution 3.84%:

Employment: an antiseptic for the skin and mucous membranes. It is known to inhibit mitochondriogenesis. Common treatment of mild bacterial and fungal infections such as mouth fungus, fin and tail rot, fungi, saproglenia, skin parasites such as Oodinium (velvet) sliminess of the skin, and I say (even if a very gentle treatment for PCI, FW or SW)

DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a solution of 3.84% per 10 gallons every other day for 10 days. Combines well with copper sulfate and malachite green.

Malachite green;

USE: For treatment and control of various external parasites of freshwater and saltwater fish. When used in the drug control or prevent the following common protozoan:

* Ichthyophthinus (Freshwater I) have shown that many “salt” white spots, usually on the fins.

* Costia (Ichthyobodo). Not to be confused with the ICH is a parasite that can live dormant in healthy fish (especially the gills), then under certain conditions (water stress, ECT), to reproduce rapidly. The symptoms of an outbreak include heavy work “breathing” is blinking and rubbing of the skin caused by excess phlegm turbidity.

* Chilodonella, Ambiphyra * * Cryptocaryon marine (I), and Trichodina Oodinium Epistylis * * * Plistophora (best combined with formaldehyde to half strength)

Malachite green is also effective against common external fungal infections of fish and eggs, which include Achlya and Saprolegnia.

DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon 0.038% solution per 10 gallons every other day for 10-14 days. Or a drop of 0.50% solution per gallon every other day for 10-14 days. 25% water change is recommended before each dose. half dose for the large-scale and less sensitive fish such as Clown Loaches and Neon Tetras. Double dose for marine aquariums.

Note: Malachite green is toxic at higher pH.

Can be combined with formalin or acriflavine.

Formalin (formaldehyde 3%):

USE: For the treatment and control of diseases caused by fungi, protozoa and monogenetic trematodes of freshwater and saltwater aquarium fish.